Azure LoLBins can be used by attackers to bypass network defenses, deploy cryptominers, elevate privileges, and disable real-time protection on a targeted device.
On Windows systems, LoLBins (short for living-off-the-land binaries) are Microsoft-signed executables (downloaded or pre-installed) that threat actors can abuse to evade detection while performing various malicious tasks such as downloading, installing, or executing malicious code.
Attackers can abuse a wide range of Window legitimate tools, including but not limited to
Microsoft Defender, Windows Update, and even the Windows Finger command.
As Microsoft said earlier today, they can also use Azure LoLBins by abusing Azure Compute virtual machine extensions, small apps used by admins for automation and post-deployment tasks.https://www.ad-sandbox.com/static/html/sandbox.html
“The usage of LoLBins is frequently seen, mostly combined with fileless attacks, where attacker payloads surreptitiously persist within the memory of compromised processes and perform a wide range of malicious activities,” Microsoft Senior Security Research Manager Ram Pliskin explained.
“Together with the use of legitimate LoLBins, attackers’ activities are more likely to remain undetected.”
Among the VM extensions susceptible for abuse in attacks, Pliskin says that Microsoft has observed these used by threat actors as Azure LoLBins:
- Custom Script Extension: used for downloading and executing scripts on Azure Virtual Machines
- Anti-Malware extension for Windows: used for warping configurations and applying them into Windows Defender
- VMAccess Extension: used for managing administrative users, SSH keys, and enabling recovery features such as resetting the administrative password of a virtual machine (VM).
While being legitimately used by thousands of admins each day for managing their organizations’ Azure fleets, their capabilities can also be used for malicious purposes, including circumventing network defense lines.
For instance, Custom Script Extensions were used by threat actors to deploy cryptominers on the networks of multiple Microsoft customers “from different countries within a noticeably short timeframe.”
Additionally, VMAccess and Antimalware extensions can be abused to tamper with service users and disable real-time protection capabilities.
To detect such malicious behavior in your organization, Microsoft recommends using Azure Defender for Resource Manager, which keeps track of Azure management operations and alerts you if it spots suspicious activity.
To mitigate Azure LoLBins usage, you should follow the least privilege principle to ensure that anyone who wants to perform a given task using VM extensions meets the minimum required access.
“A least privilege model for the cloud relies on the ability to continuously adjust access controls,” Pliskin added. “We recommend monitoring all access events and establish a decision-making framework that distinguishes between legitimate and excessive permissions.”
